Keogh, who had been without a goal at home since his £600,000 move from Scunthorpe in January, pounced after 55 minutes to sentence in-form Queens Park Rangers to only their third defeat in ten games.
Michael Kightly set the seal on the win with the second in the 63rd minute to leaves Wolves safe in the knowledge that victory in their last game of the season at Leicester City will book their play-off berth.
It was a success Wolves deserved as they dominated the game for long spells.
But it could all have been so different if Rangers, who had won four of their previous five games to banish their relegation worries, taken advantage of the two chances that came their way before Keogh broke the deadlock.
Wolves, who had seen their Scottish winger Michael McIndoe twice fire wide in the first-half, had a let-off in the 42nd minute.
Rangers' on-loan Chelsea winger Jimmy Smith was all set to pounce at the far post after Neill Collins failed to cut out a cross.
But Collins's blushes were spared by goalkeeper Matt Murray, who dived bravely at the feet of Smith to block his goalbound shot.
Smith then chipped on to the bar in the 47th minute with Martin Rowlands lifting the rebound behind before Keogh struck to put Wolves in control.
Rookie Rangers goalkeeper Jake Cole did well to beat out Jay Bothroyd's free but when the loose ball ran to McIndoe who whipped in a right-wing cross.
Keogh's header was saved by Cole, but the rebound flew straight back to the young Irishman who stabbed home his shot at the far post.
Wolves were a different team once they were in front and Cole did well to deny Keogh again before Kightly put the result beyond doubt when he nipped ahead of Cole to convert a low left-wing centre from Bothroyd.